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Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
A common condition affecting the outer part of the elbow and the upper part of the forearm. Not only as a result of playing tennis but from any strain to the muscles of the forearm such as lifting a heavy object, overuse of the mouse at the keyboard, or sometimes from a direct blow to the point of the elbow.
Cause
Inflammation of the muscles of the forearm and wrist, that act to make the wrist go backwards, (wrist extensors) such as in the action of gripping, or twisting such as in unscrewing a jar. These muscles attach by means of a tendon to the bone on the outside of the elbow, (lateral epicondyle) this also can become inflamed.
Symptoms
The pain is felt whenever the hand or lower arm is used, such as shaking hands, picking up a kettle, undoing a jar, or gripping the steering wheel, or using the mouse.
Treatment
· Rest, to allow the inflammation to settle, often an elbow brace is recommended to assist.
· Physiotherapy, which will include ultrasound, massage, stretching and a gradual exercise programme.
· Anti inflammatory drugs
· Injection of steroids (anti inflammatory drugs, not those banned by athletes).
Shin Splints
A condition characterised by acute pain and tenderness over the front of the shin during running.
Cause
Inflammation of the sheath (periosteum) surrounding the Tibia(large shin bone), due to the muscles of the lower leg exerting a force on the periosteum causing inflammation and pain.
This can be as a result of;
· Poor muscle control of the leg and foot whilst running
· Changing from one surface to another with different sports
· Running on hard surfaces
· Incorrect footwear
Symptoms
Pain over the front and inside surface of the shin when running and at later stages when walking.
Treatment
Physiotherapy to advise on;
· Rest
· Muscle re-education, change of running style
· Change of footwear
· Shock absorber insoles for running shoes to reduce impact
· Massage and ultrasound to reduce inflammation
Cause 
